TWU Pharmacology Exam 1 Practice Test

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• Inhalation route produces very rapid effects and can be used for local or systemic effects. Which statement correctly describes inhalation?
• Which two substances are described as pain substances?
• What is the fourth step in the ADOPIE nursing process?
• Which statement about succinylcholine is true?
• Which statement is correct about drug-food interactions?
• Which cells have proton pumps and H2 receptors and secrete hydrochloric acid?
• Which statement correctly describes the effect of epinephrine when used with local anesthetics?
• Dull, deep pain from abdominal organs is called which type?
• What is a key nursing intervention when administering diuretics?
• What was the primary purpose of the Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906?
• Brand Metamucil refers to which bulk-forming laxative?
• Which drugs are considered legend drugs that require a prescription?
• Which herbal remedies are mentioned as antiemetics?
• Which combination represents the BRAT diet commonly recommended for diarrhea?
• Which adverse effect is associated with dopamine antagonists?
• Shooting, burning, stabbing pain is which type of pain?
• Which interaction describes two drugs together having a greater effect than either alone?
• Distinguishing affinity from efficacy.
• Opioids are typically used for which level of pain?
• Diuretics can treat all of the following except
• Aluminum hydroxide is usually combined with which other antacid?
• Which diuretic is potassium-wasting (non-sparing)?
• What is the rationale for using multiple antibiotics in H. pylori therapy?
• Dantrolene is used to treat
• How is diarrhea best defined?
• Which opioid antidiarrheal is commonly used that has low abuse potential and is available OTC?
• Drug-disease interactions are best described as:
• When should proton pump inhibitors be taken for optimal effect?
• Which H2 receptor antagonist is no longer commonly used because of CNS effects in elderly patients?
• Aluminum hydroxide can bind with which drugs?
• Noncompetitive
• Gold standard for evaluating drug interventions?
• Diuretics increase excretion of which substance, with water following?
• Scopolamine is best described as which type of drug?
• Which drug category provides rapid relief by neutralizing gastric acid?
• Peptic Ulcer Disease is best described as which?
• Which statement about inhalation is accurate?
• What does prophylactically mean in pain management?
• Which term is defined as any effects of a medication other than the desired ones?
• Which drug is a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist used to prevent chemotherapy-induced N/V?
• Diuretics are commonly used to treat which condition?
• Which term refers to not expected effects that should prompt stopping the drug?
• Which of the following agents is a bulk-forming laxative?
• The Blood Brain Barrier allows passage primarily for which kind of drug?
• The schedules were defined by which act?
• Which type of pain is sharp, burning, aching?
• Which of the following is a known adverse effect associated with proton pump inhibitors?
• Pharmacodynamics cover which aspects?
• Which term describes when two drugs together yield the same total effect as the sum of their separate effects?
• Maalox is composed of which elements?
• Which stomach cell secretes intrinsic factor?
• Which statement best describes the placental barrier and teratogenic risk?
• Which side effect of opioid analgesics is very common and often requires stool softeners?
• Which cells release pepsinogen, pepsin, chymosin, and lipase?
• Which product is used as a bowel cleansing solution prior to a procedure?
• The Sherley Amendment of 1912 prohibited what?
• Which over-the-counter agent is used for mild diarrhea and can cause dark stools and tongue?
• Drug labeling regulations require that labels must not be what?
• Decrease in GFR will have what effect on renal excretion?
• Proton pump inhibitors reduce gastric acid production by which mechanism?
• LD 50 refers to the dose that produces a ______ response in 50% of people.
• A low MAC indicates what about potency?
• Which agent is a surfactant laxative?
• Long-term use of H2 receptor antagonists may cause deficiency in which nutrients?
• What is the mediator in the transmission of painful stimuli?
• What is tissue trapping in pharmacokinetics?
• The 1997 Food and Drug Modernization Act accelerated drug review and allowed testing in children. This reflects which characteristic?
• Local anesthetics have what kind of onset?
• Gold standard for drug development?
• Naloxone administration can be given by a nurse or layperson without a doctor's order. Which statement is correct?
• Infants may need _____ of a drug due to less fat and more water in body composition.
• Phase 3 typically includes approximately how many participants?
• Drug Allergy Type 1 commonly leads to which severe reaction?
• Which route is considered enteral?
• Sucralfate's primary action is to:
• Which drug class reduces gastric acid production?
• A contraindication is best described as
• Teratogen definition.
• Efficacy is _____.
• Diuretics reduce which fluid compartments?
• Which mechanism describes stimulant laxatives?
• Mannitol can cause which electrolyte disturbance?
• What is the prototype potassium-sparing diuretic?
• Which antibiotic class is associated with tooth discoloration due to tissue trapping?
• Pharmaceutical Phase is defined as the _____ of the drug.
• Bradykinin is strongly associated with which type of pain, and what does prostaglandin do to Bradykinin's effect?
• How does simethicone work to relieve gas?
• Where are many drugs metabolized and excreted?
• What is a common adverse effect of loop diuretics?
• Thalidomide is a well-known teratogen that was used to treat morning sickness in expectant mothers. It caused which of the following?
• Which statement is true about gastric acid production?
• Discontinuing aspirin before surgery reduces the risk of what?
• Which class is used for opioid-induced constipation?
• Phase 1 testing starts in humans after animal testing. Which population is typical for Phase 1?
• Which practice is recommended regarding salt intake when on diuretics?
• Local anesthetics are commonly used with a vasoconstrictor to extend duration; which pairing is most commonly used?
• During brain inflammation, how does BBB permeability change?
• Phase 2 typically involves approximately how many participants?
• The Controlled Substances Act (1970) classifies drugs into how many schedules?
• Magnesium hydroxide antacids are associated with which electrolyte abnormality?
• Which statement about antacids is true?
• Summative interaction is defined as what?
• Which of the following is an example of a contraindication?
• Misoprostol is used to prevent NSAID-induced ulcers. Which statement best reflects its therapeutic use?
• Selectivity refers to a drug doing what it's exactly supposed to do.
• Where salt goes, water goes describes the diuretic action as...
• Which cells in the stomach produce thick mucus and bicarbonate?
• Digitalis glycosides primarily increase which cardiac property?
• Which statement best describes the immediate management of suspected malignant hyperthermia?
• ED 50 refers to the dose that produces a _____ response in 50% of people.
• Which diuretic is potassium-sparing?
• What class of diuretics is the most potent?
• Drug Allergy Type 4 is best described as which condition?
• Which osmotic laxative is nonabsorbable and retains water in the intestinal lumen?
• Which organ is primarily responsible for converting lipophilic drugs into more water-soluble forms?
• Which is a defensive factor protecting the gastric mucosa?
• Which approach is recommended for H. pylori therapy to treat infection?
• Elderly patients may need _____ of a drug due to higher fat and reduced liver/kidney function.
• Which is a cause of diarrhea?
• Approximately how much HCl does the stomach produce daily?
• A common indication for laxatives includes which of the following?
• Malignant hyperthermia during anesthesia is characterized by which of the following?
• Mucous membranes provide rapid absorption and can have local or systemic effects. Which example demonstrates a systemic effect via a mucous membrane route?
• Antagonistic interaction results in what outcome?
• Which is an aggressive factor in peptic ulcer disease?
• Which items are part of the ABC foods that provide pectin?
• Grapefruit juice with a statin is an example of which type of interaction?
• Which medication class can cause diarrhea?
• Which substances are the only slow-acting neurotransmitters?
• When taking antacids, what is the recommended timing with respect to other medications like cimetidine?
• Affinity is how well a drug can _____.
• The skin barrier is characterized by being less permeable and preferentially allowing absorption of what type of substances?
• Which drug category is described as a scheduled analgesic for moderate to severe pain?
• Under the 1952 Durham-Humphrey Amendment, which term describes drugs that require a prescription?
• Which natural therapy may help treat diarrhea by restoring gut flora?
• ED50 stands for the dose that produces a therapeutic effect in 50% of individuals. Which option best reflects this statement?
• Which of the following is a cause of constipation?
• Which agency enforces the classification and control of scheduled substances?
• What term describes when one drug changes how another drug affects the body?
• Methadone is given for
• Drug Allergy Type 1 is mediated by which antibodies?
• Which stimulant laxative typically produces a semifluid stool within 6 to 12 hours?
• Which dietary change may be recommended for patients on thiazide or loop diuretics?
• The Kefauver-Harris Amendment included which of the following regarding drug naming?
• Which statement about Category X drugs is correct?
• Antagonist vs Agonist. An antagonist
• Nitrous oxide is described as being less likely to lower blood pressure than other inhaled anesthetics.
• Tissue trapping can cause prolonged drug retention in which tissues?
• Xanthines such as theophylline and caffeine have what cardiovascular effect?
• The example of codeine described illustrates which concept?
• GERD stands for which condition?
• Prostaglandin enhances Bradykinin's effect. Which option best describes this relationship?
• Which is a regulatory function of the kidneys?
• Which statement best defines active transport?
• Fillers are used to make the pill ______.
• Vehicles are the _____ to get the drug into the system.
• The 3 most important properties of an ideal drug are
• Thiazide diuretics primarily act by which mechanism?
• Loop diuretics are most appropriate for which condition?
• What is required to accurately refill a prescription according to the amendments?
• LD50 is best defined as the dose that produces a lethal response in 50% of subjects. Which is the correct option?
• Which statement about schedules is true?
• Laxatives are used to which purpose in clinical care?
• Serotonin receptor antagonists block which receptors?
• MAC stands for and is used as an index of what property?
• The gastric juice pH is typically in which range?
• Potentiation occurs when one drug causes a measurable response in the presence of another. What is the correct description?
• Most cases of Peptic Ulcer Disease are caused by which factor?
• Under the 1938 Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, which agency is responsible for monitoring and regulating drugs?
• Drug Allergy Type 3 is associated with which phenomenon?
• BBB (Blood-Brain Barrier) presents a challenge for which type of drug, especially when there is an infection in the brain?
• Which drug is used with general anesthesia to prevent muscle movement during surgery?
• What does the pharmacokinetic phase describe?
• What is the half-life of a drug?
• For enteral (oral) absorption, which factor can impact absorption?
• General anesthetics produce what primary effect?
• Nitrous oxide is an inhaled anesthetic characterized by which of the following?
• Which statement about bulk-forming laxatives is true?
• Drug Allergy Type 2 involves which immunoglobulins?
• Under the 2010 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, how long before generics can enter after a drug’s patent is secured?
• Which statement about BBB permeability is correct?
• Pharmacodynamic Phase is characterized by the ______.
• What is the mechanism of action of potassium-sparing diuretics?
• Competitive
• Which statement best describes the respiratory effect of nitrous oxide compared with other inhaled anesthetics?
• During meningitis or encephalitis, how is the Blood-Brain Barrier affected and drug penetration altered?
• Which term refers to the pharmacologic interaction where the combined effect is greater than the sum of the individual effects?
• Increase in GFR leads to what effect on renal excretion?
• One feature of the Kefauver-Harris Amendment (1962) was to grant the FDA authority to?
• Which action best helps prevent orthostatic hypotension in a patient taking a diuretic?
• What are common adverse effects of opioid antidiarrheal agents?
• Phase 2 of the drug approval process typically involves approximately how many participants?
• Dimenhydrinate, meclizine, and cyclizine are what type of agents?
• Simethicone is used primarily as what type of agent?
• Phase 3 involves which magnitude?
• Which class has the greatest potential for abuse?
• Drug allergy Type 4 is best described as which condition?
• Mannitol is used primarily to:
• Which factors can increase the effects of diuretics?
• Which nursing consideration is emphasized for diuretic therapy?
• Which laxative category should be taken with a full glass of water or juice?
• Which organ primarily mediates biotransformation of drugs, converting them to more water-soluble forms?
• Which adverse effect is associated with magnesium-containing antacids?
• Which statement correctly identifies a characteristic of the parenteral route?
• Using a vasoconstrictor with a local anesthetic increases duration by
• The 1984 Drug Price Competition Act allowed generic drugs to enter the market without repeating what process?
• Naloxone (Narcan) is what type of drug and what does it do?
• Pharmaceutical Phase is defined as the process of:
• Lactulose is used in hepatic encephalopathy to reduce ammonia by increasing excretion.
• Bulk-forming laxatives produce soft stool after how many days?
• Which statement correctly reflects the FDA’s role as established by the 1938 Act?
• An acidic drug is best absorbed in which environment and in what form?
• Histamine H2 receptor antagonists work by which mechanism?
• Under the 1952 Durham-Humphrey Amendment, which describes the distinction between prescriptions and non-prescriptions?
• Which statement best describes visceral pain?
• Which of the following is a contraindication to laxative use?
• Which of the following best describes the parenteral route?
• What do trough and peak refer to in pharmacokinetics?
• What is typically the first ingredient in a pharmaceutical formulation?
• A drug that is Pregnancy Category X has which description?
• The ADOPIE nursing process stands for which sequence of steps?
• Which statement best describes required information on a drug label?
• Which option lists the components of the Pharmacokinetic Phase?
• Which medication should be discontinued before surgery due to its antiplatelet effect increasing bleeding risk?
• A basic drug is best absorbed in which environment and in what form?
• Which factor is listed as a psychological contributor to nausea and vomiting?
• Local anesthetics block which ion entry to halt conduction?
• Inactive constituents are made up of which components?
• Contraindication concept example.
• Which statement about diuretic action on fluids is true?
• Which laxative should not be crushed or taken with milk or antacids?
• Which term is the general term for any undesirable effects that are a direct response to one or more drugs?
• Which statement best describes the relationship between liver metabolism and renal excretion?
• For colonoscopy bowel preparation, which agent is appropriate?
• Which statement best describes first-pass metabolism?
• Which patient condition is a contraindication for 5-HT3 receptor antagonists due to risk of fatal dysrhythmias?
• When opioids are used, which adverse effect requires monitoring?
• The selection of an antiemetic depends on what?
• Acetazolamide's mechanism involves inhibition of which enzyme?
• Which GERD lifestyle change is recommended?